जानिए डॉ. पीडी गुप्ता से दो दिलों (स्त्री-पुरुष) के बारे में मजबूत दिल किसका होता है?
Author : Dr. P. D.GUPTA
Former Director Grade Scientist, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
www.daylife.page
Heart diseases are the number one killer in men and women, however, it can develop and present in dramatically different ways in both the sexes. Recent researches have conclusively proved that heart disease develops and presents differently between men and women. And yet, until recently, women with heart disease have been diagnosed and treated like men—with the same tests, same procedures, and same medications.
1 – Men and women in addition to other differences, also have differences in their cardiovascular systems. Compared to men, women have smaller hearts and narrower blood vessels. Because of these differences, heart diseases can progress differently in women when compared to men
2 – Men and women experience cholesterol buildup in different areas
A heart attack occurs when cholesterol plaque builds up inside the walls of arteries and causes damage in the major blood vessels.
Men typically develop this plaque buildup in the largest arteries that supply blood to the heart. Women are more likely to develop this buildup in the heart’s smallest blood vessels, known as the microvasculature.
Furthermore, heart disease in both sexes is only partly related to the accumulation of cholesterol.
“Inflammation also plays an important role and may contribute to the differences we see in women with heart disease,” says Dr. O’Donoghue.
3 – Men and women have different symptoms of a heart attack
A heart attack does not always look or feel the same in women compared to men. Men typically present to healthcare providers with chest pressure.
Women also experience chest pressure (it’s still the leading complaint), but they are more likely than men to also report:
• Nausea
• Sweating
• Vomiting
Pain in the neck, jaw, throat, abdomen or back
4 – Women may have diseases that mimic a heart attack
Women are more likely than men to suffer from diseases that mimic a heart attack. For instance, women are more likely to experience. :A coronary spasm: a blood vessel clamps down and mimics a heart attack. A coronary dissection: the wall of a blood vessel tears.
5 – Men and women have different risk factors for a heart disease
A woman’s reproductive history may affect her risk of developing heart disease. In fact, certain diseases that develop during pregnancy, such as preeclampsia and gestational diabetes, may be powerful predictors of future risk of heart disease.
Women age 40 or younger with endometriosis were three times more likely to develop heart attack, chest pain, or require treatment for blocked arteries, compared to women without endometriosis in the same age group.
6 - The Cardiovascular Disease and Pregnancy cardiologists and obstetricians should collaborate to identify and modify risk factors early to prevent heart disease before it develops.
7 – Men and women require different diagnostic care
When a woman presents to a healthcare provider with signs and symptoms of a heart attack, they may receive different diagnostic care than a man.
8 – Men and women may require different treatments for heart disease
Medical providers have decades of experience treating the typical cholesterol plaque buildup in largest blood vessels of the heart. It is generally happens in man however in women as mentioned women develop plaque in the microvasculature. There’s a weaker understanding of how to treat plaque in the microvasculature or inflammation of the heart.
Heart disease is avoidable
In order to lower the risk of heart disease even if it runs in the family lifestyle changes can have a large impact in preventing cardiovascular disease, or in keeping it from worsening.
It’s important to recognize the signs and symptoms of a heart attack, which can include uncomfortable pressure, burning, or squeezing sensations in the chest, and pain in the chest, neck, arm, or back.
Keep in mind that heart attack symptoms are not the same for everyone and, of course, differ between men and women, with women more likely to experience nausea, sweating, vomiting, and pain in the neck, jaw, throat, abdomen or back.
Researchers at the Mary Horrigan Connors Center for Women’s Health and Gender Biology, USA, are dedicated to investigating these differences and translating their discoveries into delivery of care.
Make the heart stronger
Avoid sodium Too much salt increases the volume of your blood, which can make your blood pressure problems worse. Prepare your own foods to help limit your sodium intake, and drink water instead of soda
Avoid eating Ultra processed food lifelong healthy eating plan that helps you focus on cutting salt from your diet and adding foods rich in potassium, calcium and magnesium
Limit alcohol Consuming just two or three drinks in one sitting can elevate your blood pressure
Take a stand Research shows that sitting for prolonged periods can have a negative effect on your heart, even if you get 150 minutes of moderate exercise each week. Break up periods of inactivity and get your blood pumping by taking a five minute walk at least once an hour.
A Visual Guide to a Heart Attack
What Is It?
When blood can't get to your heart, your heart muscle doesn't get the oxygen it needs. Without oxygen, its cells can be damaged or die.
The key to recovery is to get your blood flow restored quickly. Get medical help right away if you think you're having symptoms of a heart attack.
Causes
Over time, cholesterol and a fatty material called plaque can build up on the walls inside blood vessels that take blood to your heart, called arteries. This makes it harder for blood to flow freely. Most heart attacks happen when a piece of this plaque breaks off. A blood clot forms around the broken-off plaque, and it blocks the artery.
Symptoms
You may feel pain, pressure, or discomfort in your chest. You could be short of breath, sweat, faint, or feel sick to your stomach. Your neck, jaw, or shoulders might hurt.
Men and women can have different symptoms. Men are more likely to break out in a cold sweat and to feel pain move down their left arm.
Symptoms in Women
Women are more likely than men to have back or neck pain, heartburn, and shortness of breath. They tend to have stomach trouble, including feeling queasy and throwing up. They may also feel very tired, lightheaded, or dizzy. A couple of weeks before a heart attack, a woman might have flu-like symptoms and sleep problems.
About 435,000 women have heart attacks in the U.S. yearly. Symptoms can be so mild they're dismissed as something minor.
What to Do
If you or someone you're with has symptoms that might be a heart attack, call 911 right away. If it is a heart attack, you're more likely to survive if you get treated within 90 minutes. While you're on the phone, the person should chew and swallow an aspirin (unless they're allergic) to lower the risk of a blood clot. Are they unconscious? Hands-only CPR can double their chances of survival.
Diagnosis
An EKG, which checks your heart's electrical activity, can help doctors see if you're having a heart attack. It can also show which artery is clogged or blocked.
Doctors can also diagnose a heart attack with blood tests that look for proteins that heart cells release when they die.
Treatment
Doctors will move quickly to restore the flow of blood to your heart. You may get drugs that dissolve blood clots in your arteries.
You'll likely get a procedure called a coronary angiogram. Doctors put a thin tube with a balloon on the end through your artery. It opens up the blockage by flattening the plaque in your arteries. Most times, doctors place a small mesh tube called a stent in your artery to make sure it stays open.
What Puts You at Risk?
Your odds of having a heart attack go up with age, and men are more likely to have one than women. A family history of heart disease also makes one more likely. Smoking raises your chances of a heart attack. So does having high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and being obese. Stress, a lack of exercise, and depression can, too.
Prevention
If you smoke, stop. It will immediately cut your chances of a heart attack by a third.
Get exercise and eat right. The American Heart Association recommends 30 minutes of moderate exercise a day, 5 days a week. Eat plenty of fruits, veggies, and whole grains to keep your arteries healthy.
For some people, taking a daily aspirin will help. Talk to your doctor to see if it's right for you.
Also, find positive ways to manage your stress.
Life After a Heart Attack
If you're in the hospital, you may come home after just a few days. You can get back to your normal daily life in a few weeks.
Cardiac rehab can help you recover. You'll get your own fitness program and learn how to keep up a heart-healthy lifestyle. Counselors give you support if you're feeling down or worried about having another attack. (The author has his own study and views)
